Introduction to Python
Python is the most popular programming language for AI and Machine Learning. Its simple syntax, extensive libraries, and strong community make it the ideal choice for both beginners and experts in the field.
Definition
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and versatility. It supports multiple programming paradigms including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Key Concepts
Variables
Named containers that store data values. In Python, you don't need to declare the type - it's dynamically typed.
Data Types
Categories of data including integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), strings (str), lists, dictionaries, and booleans.
Functions
Reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. Defined using the 'def' keyword.
Indentation
Python uses whitespace indentation to define code blocks, unlike other languages that use braces.
Real-World Applications
Netflix Recommendation System
EntertainmentNetflix uses Python extensively for their recommendation algorithms that suggest shows based on your viewing history.
Instagram's Backend
Social MediaInstagram handles millions of users using Python/Django, processing billions of photos and interactions daily.
NASA Data Analysis
Space & ResearchNASA uses Python for scientific computing, analyzing telescope data, and mission planning.
Code Example
# Variables and Data Types
name = "AI Learner" # String
age = 25 # Integer
score = 95.5 # Float
is_active = True # Boolean
# Lists - ordered, mutable collection
skills = ["Python", "ML", "Deep Learning"]
# Dictionary - key-value pairs
student = {
"name": name,
"age": age,
"skills": skills
}
# Function definition
def greet_student(student_name):
"""Greets a student by name"""
return f"Welcome to AI Learning, {student_name}!"
# Using the function
message = greet_student(name)
print(message) # Output: Welcome to AI Learning, AI Learner!
# List comprehension - Pythonic way
squared = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]
print(squared) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]This example demonstrates Python basics: variables, data types, collections (lists and dictionaries), function definition, and list comprehension. Notice how Python's syntax is clean and readable.
Practice Problems
- 1Create a function that calculates the factorial of a number
- 2Write a program that finds all prime numbers up to 100
- 3Build a simple calculator with add, subtract, multiply, divide functions
Summary
Python is the foundation of modern AI development. Its simplicity allows you to focus on solving problems rather than fighting syntax. Master these basics before moving to libraries like NumPy and Pandas.